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Santa Fe Crater is an impact crater in the Lunae Palus quadrangle of Mars, located at 19.5° North and 48.0° W. It is 20.5 km in diameter and was named after Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA. Impact craters generally have a rim with ejecta around them, in contrast volcanic craters usually do not have a rim or ejecta deposits. As craters get larger (greater than 10 km in diameter) they usually have a central peak.〔http://www.lpi.usra.edu/publications/slidesets/stones/〕 The peak is caused by a rebound of the crater floor following the impact. Wikisantafe.jpg|Santa Fe Crater, as seen by CTX camera (on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter). Image:Santa Fe Crater close up.jpg|Close up of gullies in previous image, as seen by HiRISE. ==Why are Craters important?== The density of impact craters is used to determine the surface ages of Mars and other solar system bodies.〔 The older the surface, the more craters present. Crater shapes can reveal the presence of ground ice. The area around craters may be rich in minerals. On Mars, heat from the impact melts ice in the ground. Water from the melting ice dissolves minerals, and then deposits them in cracks or faults that were produced with the impact. This process, called hydrothermal alteration, is a major way in which ore deposits are produced. The area around Martian craters may be rich in useful ores for the future colonization of Mars.〔http://www.indiana.edu/~sierra/papers/2003/Patterson.html.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Santa Fe Crater」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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